Caring for Compost Piles

Caring for Compost Piles

After the compost heap is finished, the compost pile must be regularly monitored by doing the following:
1. Must prevent animals from destroying Or ferment ferret pile If the pile is in a stable, then there is no problem.
But if the pile on the ground or in the hole, should find a way of coconut trees or twigs overlapping the compost pile to ferret animals.
2. Always allow the water to pile with the compost to have the right moisture, not to be too dry or wet.
There is a simple way to put the hand into the compost pile deep. Then picked up the internal components of the compost pile to squeeze If it appears that water is in the palm of the hand, it means that the water is not wet. If there is no water in the palm, it means that the compost pile is too dry. If squeezing looks like water gushed out onto the fingers Indicating that it's too wet, don't need water
3. Returning the fertilizer pile It is considered as an essential part of composting. Because various microbes
Would naturally like breathing human air Therefore, returning the compost heap not only helps to provide oxygen to the microbes It also helps to release heat from the fertilizer pile. The more diligent to return the pile of compost, the faster the compost will be obtained. Because causing plant debris to decompose throughout the pile And obtaining good quality compost as well Normally, compost should be returned at least once a month.

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How to make compost

How to make compost

Compost is generally divided into 3 types which are compost in the fields Municipal compost and industrial compost Here I will only mention the compost in the fields.

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For the compost in this farm, there are 5 methods of making, which you can choose to do either. Or may be made in various ways depending on the readiness of the maker
Type 1 year-long composting Use only plant waste to ferment for a year, then can be used as a compost.

Like this, no maintenance is needed Therefore requires a long fermentation time Suitable for those who do not have time.
Type 2: ordinary compost, using manure Like this, use plant and animal waste at the rate of 100: 10.
Small parts can be mixed. However, if it is a piece of plant fragments, most of them are stacked into layers (each pile is made about 3 layers, each layer consists of scraps and water that is about 30-40 cm tall and then sprinkled with animal dung). The fermentation time is less than Type 1. For example, if using rice straw, it will take approximately 6-8 months depending on the maintenance.
Type 3: ordinary compost, use chemical fertilizer This type uses plant waste, manure and chemical fertilizer at the rate of 100: 10: 1.
If it is a small piece, can be mixed. If it is a large part, then stack it into layers like type 2. Only each layer will add chemical fertilizer. By sprinkling over the animal dung This method requires a longer fermentation time than the second type, that is, if it is rice straw, it takes 4-6 months.
Type 4, new compost plan Type 1-3 composting takes quite a long time. Later, the Land Development Department
Research has found that composting in a short time can be done by using microbes to accelerate the degradation of plant residues. Resulting in faster composting Can be used in season and can be fermented for only 30-60 days. Use the following formula


Plant waste 1,000 kg.
Manure 100-200 kg.
Chemical fertilizer 1-2 kg.
Microbial accelerator 1 set
(Catalyst Microbial in the year 1983-1984, using a set of B2 bacteria, consisting of 2300 grams of B2 bacteria and 1 kg of supplement) Together Then drilled holes for microbial accelerator which was prepared first by mixing with water, using about 40 liters of water, stirring well But if it is fragments, most pieces will be stacked like a type 3. Each layer consists of debris and watering 30-40 cm in height. Chemical fertilizer over manure. And pour the accelerated microbes
Type 5 compost for germs In making Type 4 compost, it is necessary to buy 1 set of microbial accelerator.
Every time you make 1 ton of compost, there is an idea that if you can bring To be infected, it will be economical and beneficial to farmers and general composters The Land Development Department therefore conducted an experiment and found that Can be infected Using compost made in type 4, that is to say, after obtaining compost that is used in type 4, keep 50-100 kg. Storage must be stored in a house that is not exposed to the sun and rain. 50-100 kg of compost stored can be further fermented to produce 1 ton of compost. Infection can be continued only 3 times.

Benefits of compost

Benefits of compost

1. Help increase the amount of organic matter to the soil. Make the soil fertile

2. Helps to change the soil condition from clay or sandy soil to loamy soil, making it easier to plow.

3. Helps to preserve moisture in the soil better.

4. Make the air flow well in the soil.

5. Helps to increase efficiency in the use of chemical fertilizers and can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

6. Stimulates some plant nutrients in soil that is difficult to dissolve in water to dissolve easily as food for plants better

7. Not harmful to soil, even if used in large quantities for a long time.

8. Help adjust the environment, such as eliminating all waste and water weeds.

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Make bio-fertilizer for your own use Reduce costs, increase productivity

Make bio-fertilizer for your own use Reduce costs, increase productivity

Composting process

1. Oxygen fermentation

When the fermenting material decomposes to produce organic substances such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, lignin, etc. These substances are digested by microbes that use oxygen by pulling oxygen to use in the process. And finally, the products will be humus, water, carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and heat energy.

2. Anaerobic fermentation

Organic matter will be decomposed in anaerobic condition. By relying on the work of anaerobic microorganisms, 2 groups, which are acidic microbes And the methane microbes Which will produce the final product, including methane gas (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3) and thermal energy
Microbial compost

The composting process in the compost pile is caused by the activity of oxygen-containing microorganisms. And anaerobic group Both groups are responsible for decomposing organic substances with large molecules into smaller sizes. Until the decomposition is complete until the organic material called compost (Compost). The decomposition process will occur continuously by many microorganisms combined and in the right environment. Which can be divided into 3 phases

•     The mesophilic phase is the first phase of degradation. The number of microbes gradually increasing Which will have a temperature of around 20-45 ° C
•     Temperature range (Thermophilic Phase) is a period in which the number of microbes is almost constant. And degradation throughout the stack With temperatures rising to 45 - 60 ° C or more, which should not be lower than 45 ° C is the most decomposed period, causing heat to accumulate in the compost pile
•     The Maturation Phase is when some microbes begin to die. The amount of organic matter has been completely decomposed. The rate of degradation therefore decreases. Causing the temperature of the compost pile to decrease accordingly Which is the phase to finish the decomposition

Bio-fertilizer and methods of making

Bio fertilizer Is a method of composting that has developed For rapid degradation by adding microbes or EM to accelerate the fermentation process Resulting in fertilizer from organic materials that release nutrients faster Divided into various types, including

1. Compost from manure

Materials and ingredients

•     1 part manure, approximately 10 years
•     Flaming rice husk / Black husk 1 part
•     1 part dance
•     EM 20 cc
•     Molasses 100 cc.
•     10 liters of water

How to do

•     Mix black manure, rice husk and all materials together.
•     Bring to pile on the cement floor. Then use a veil or if making a small amount To be packed in drums or sacks
•     Marinate for 30 days before putting in a tree or vegetable plot.

2. Plant compost

Rice straw compost, materials and ingredients

•     1 part finely chopped dried straw, approximately 10 kg
•     Raw rice husk / sintered rice husk 1 part
•     200 grams urea fertilizer
•     Molasses 100 cc.
•     EM 20 cc
•     10 liters of water

How to do

•     Mix the straw and the chaff together. If there is a lot, separate, mix And then come together into a single pile again
•     Mix EM and Molasses together with water. After that, pour, pour and mix with other materials.
•     Can be fermented in sacks, bags, or cement ponds for 1-2 months, then can be used

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3. Bio-fertilizer from food waste and waste

Compost from food waste If there is only food waste that is plant, there is usually no problem. Because the time of rotting will have a bad odor We can mix it with manure in the trough to make compost immediately. But if there is meat, it will have a strong bad smell

For some households that have limited amount of food waste If wanting to make compost, it is necessary to make compost chutes or compost holes. But if fermented in a tank, there will be limitations that fill up quickly

To make a fermenting rails, find an empty area at the back of the house. The size of the area is approximately 1 meter x 1 meter, about 20-40 cm deep or maybe less. Or maybe more as required But should provide food support for about 1 month and should do 2 sets with plastering the side with cement But if there is no problem with rain or water inflow May dig a well into the soil, which should be enough side grooves To prevent water from entering And should prepare the canvas to cover when it rains

Materials and ingredients

•     1 in 4 parts of manure
•     Black husk, 2 buckets, optional
•     Mixed water with EM 1 liter
•     Molasses 1 liter

How to do

•     After preparing the compost, pour the manure and the chaff in the chute.
•     When there is food waste To put in the rails Ready to use, hash, mix with manure
•     Water with bio-based water And molasses in the area where food waste is added a little
•     If food scraps occur again, then knead and add water to leavening. Follow with molasses until it is full.
•     If the pond is full To cover the fabric and cover And leave for about 1 month before scooping out for use
•     While fermented To bring food scraps from each day to ferment in another pond Which will circulate well together during the menstrual cycle
•     However, some households may not be able to find leavening or molasses so they don't need to be used. But it is necessary to have manure Or use other fertilizer such as chicken manure fertilizer, which this part needs to be used

In addition to using food waste to make compost Nowadays, it is still popular to use food scraps to make bio-fermented water, which is easy and convenient. Read more Biological fermentation
Principles for considering ready-to-use compost

•     The compost will be dark brown to black.
•     The temperature around the compost pile is almost the same. Due to almost all fermentation reactions
•     If the finger is flattened The compost cubes will break apart easily.
•     Found mushrooms, fibers, fungi or other plants grow
•     The smell of the compost heap has a pungent odor caused by fermentation
•     If the compost is analyzed in the laboratory, the ratio of carbon And nitrogen around 20: 1 or carbon is less than 20 (nitrogen is still 1)

Use of compost

•     Used in soil preparation / plots preparation By applying bio-fertilizer on a plot of 2-3 handfuls / square meter Before tillage, round 2 or before plowing
•     Used in vegetable and orchard plots by applying 1-2 handfuls of bio-fertilizer around the base of the tree.

Compost benefits

•     Increase soil fertility The amount of organic matter, food minerals, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
•     Helps to decompose humus Carcass in soil Makes the nutrients used by plants faster
•     Helps increase the useful microbes in the soil
•     Helps to prevent the spread of various pathogenic microorganisms in the soil.
•     Causing the soil to have loose soil From the composition of soil with soil Organic matter, water and air in an appropriate proportion
•     Help adjust the soil pH to suit the plants.
•     Helps increase the efficiency of extracting plant minerals from chemical fertilizers or other fertilizers that farmers wear
•     Helps absorb moisture in the soil for longer Keeping the soil moist at all times

Manually composting manure

Manually composting manure

Composting manure

       For this reason We therefore need to make compost. In order to go through a process of degradation And the plants will be able to use the nutrients in the manure to ferment immediately Do you know that When I was making fermented manure and scooping it in sacks, it was the first day. What was it? The manure itself was very hot.

Since now it will undergo a process of decomposition And if we don't ferment first This will be what the plant will receive. Instead of getting benefits May become a penalty instead

       Anyhow, observe from what we've done. We bring new manure. Want the plants to grow well, full, not stop. Hope that the plants will grow. But in the end, the yellow card was ignored. Even though we understand that we have put good fertilizer for the plants

Therefore, before using, we should ferment the manure or dry it first. So that plants can use nutrients in the manure to ferment immediately Planting crops, if we pay attention to them, take good care of them, they will grow and grow for us to appreciate. I only understand the principles of nature.

       Making fermented chicken chips That I will introduce for today In order to enable us to apply to our crops If anyone has a lot of manure Can be used with crops Or can be fermented for use with our own vegetables

And I have summed up the steps successfully. Easy to save your time. No need to try and try. Because right now, I've selected only the correct, tried, correct, and then let's get started

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Components of Composting manure

1. 1 part manure (1 sack)

2. 1 part rice husk (1 sack)

3. 1 part dance (1 sack)

4. Expanded EM water 1 liter. How to expand EM water

5. Molasses 1 liter

6. Clean water 25 liters or more Which will be explained in the process of making


Let's get started.
First, bring the manure to dry in the sun.

Composting manure
Spread it in the sun and leave it for 1-2 sun. If the manure that has been dried is not necessary to dry.

Making cow manure compost
When the manure is dry Prepare the ingredients ready. Manure, bran, paddy = 1: 1: 1

Composting manure
Pour all ingredients onto the floor.

Making cow manure compost
Use the hoe to blend together. This process will take some time.

Making cow manure compost
Once together Will be as in the picture below

Making cow manure compost
Add expanded EM water and prepared molasses Mix the water together.

Making cow manure compost
Bring it to the prepared manure pile. If there is no watering can, can also use the bowl to scoop

Making cow manure compost
Then use the hoe to mash together Takes quite some time Try using your hands to squeeze. Not dry or not too wet
As said at the beginning If it is still dry Can add more water without needing to 25 liters and then use the hoe to spread continuously

Making cow manure compost
Finished and scoop it into a sack Set in a ventilated place On the first day, I closed the bag. It turns out that the manure is very hot. We therefore need to open the sack to allow the heat of the fertilizer to drain out.

Making cow manure compost
After 2 days the heat has begun to disappear. The fertilizer itself begins to degrade. Observe from the white fog everywhere.

Making fermented chicken chips
Some 3 days have passed.

Composting manure
After 5 days, try using the crumpled hands to feel flaky.

Composting manure
After 7 days, catch up and maul. Notice that the dust is cloudy at all.
After about 1 week, it can be applied to our products.

Now I bring the sack. The lump was to be crushed by the hand. Felt that it would break easily

Now it can be added to our products. Of mine will be golden bananas And vegetables

This part is vegetable. Or strawberry can be put in

Compost benefits

Compost benefits

• 1. Increase soil fertility The amount of organic matter, food minerals, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
• 2. Helps to decompose humus. Carcass in soil Makes the nutrients used by plants faster
• 3. Help increase the useful microbes in the soil.
• 4. Helps to prevent the spread of various pathogenic microorganisms in the soil.
• 5. Make the soil to be loose. From the composition of soil with soil Organic matter, water and air in an appropriate proportion
• 6. Helps to adjust the soil's pH to suit crops.
• 7. Enhances the efficiency of extracting plant minerals from chemical fertilizers or other fertilizers that farmers wear
• 8. Helps to absorb moisture in the soil for longer. Keeping the soil moist at all times

Composting Bins Product

Bio-fertilizer from food waste and waste

Bio-fertilizer from food waste and waste
Compost from food waste If there is only food waste that is plant, there is usually no problem. Because the time of rotting will have a bad odor We can mix it with manure in the trough to make compost immediately. But if there is meat, it will have a strong bad smell

For some households that have limited amount of food waste If wanting to make compost, it is necessary to make compost chutes or compost holes. But if fermented in a tank, there will be limitations that fill up quickly

To make a fermenting rails, find an empty area at the back of the house. The size of the area is approximately 1 meter x 1 meter, about 20-40 cm deep or maybe less. Or maybe more as required But should provide food support for about 1 month and should do 2 sets with plastering the side with cement But if there is no problem with rain or water inflow May dig a well into the soil, which should be enough side grooves To prevent water from entering And should prepare the canvas to cover when it rains

Materials and ingredients

• - 1 in 4 parts manure for fermentation chute
• - 2 black husks, optional
• - Mixed water with EM 1 liter
• - Molasses 1 liter

How to do

• - After preparing the fermenter, pour the manure and the black chaff in the chute.
• - when there is food waste To put in the rails Ready to use, hash, mix with manure
• -Water spraying with biological concentrate And molasses in the area where food waste is added a little
• - If food scraps occur again, then knead and add water to leavening Follow with molasses until it is full.
• - If already filled the pond To cover the fabric and cover And leave for about 1 month before scooping out for use
• - During the fermentation To bring food scraps from each day to ferment in another pond Which will circulate well together during the menstrual cycle
• - In some households, it may not be convenient to find leavening or molasses, so it is not necessary. But it is necessary to have manure Or use other fertilizer such as chicken manure fertilizer, which this part needs to be used

Composting Bins Product