Wound disinfection methods, prevention of disease
- - Wash the wound with clean water and soap or use salt water to wash the wound (0.9% Normal saline solution) immediately to help wash away the dirt. (Before treating the wound, wash your hands thoroughly beforehand to help reduce the number of germs on your hands. And after washing the wound, pat it dry with a clean cloth)
- - Wipe around the wound with a clean cotton ball moistened with 70% alcohol solution to help reduce the number of germs. (There are 2 types on the market: 70% ethyl alcohol and 70% isopropyl alcohol, which has a disinfecting effect) by wiping from the inside out. One way outside And do not have to wipe directly on the wound Because it causes irritation and the wound heals slowly
- - Put medication to kill germs to prevent infection The most commonly used antiseptic for fresh wounds is Thimerosal, or commonly known by the trade name as "Tincture meriotate" (Tincture merthiolate) or tincture of fresh wounds (But since this drug contains mercury as a component Therefore, the use of this drug in older children should be the advice of a doctor or pharmacist. For drug use in young children, especially those under 2 years of age, should be prescribed by a doctor only), Povidone iodine, or commonly known as the trade name "beta". Betadine). As for the disinfectant method, apply it in the wound area using the amount and frequency of the application according to the instructions in the drug documentation or the doctor / nurse's instructions. (Do not use antiseptic drugs, including hydrogen peroxide, paint or bleach directly on the wound Because the antiseptic may damage the tissues and cause the wound to heal slowly)
Chemicals used to disinfect the body
- - Iodine is highly effective against bacteria. Influenza virus is disinfected with a concentration of only 70 ppm, but the effect of iodine will be weakened if there are many alkalies or organic substances. The disadvantage of iodine is that it irritates the victim's body. Used in the form of 2% iodine tincture, but in the form of povidone-iodine (Betadine) is less irritating But the fight Povidone-iodine is not
- - Alcohol (ethyl alcohol 70%) is an antiseptic that is used by many Alcohol can precipitate the protein. This protein sludge protects the virus from damage. Adding a small amount of sodium bicarbonate (0.002%) can inhibit the binding of the protein sludge. Making the effect slightly better than ethyl alcohol but more expensive
- - Hydrogen peroxide, the effect of sterilization is not very good. But without contaminated organic matter it can destroy the virus well At only 0.3% concentration, it can kill human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Generally, 3% concentration is often used to wash the wound. Because when contacted with the enzyme catalase in the tissue, it will decompose, creating oxygen bubbles. Pushing the dirt out of the wound
- - Benzalkonium chloride (zephiran) acts as a detergent to destroy the envelop. The concentration used is 1: 1,000 - 1: 10,000. This substance is non-toxic and does not irritate the tissues. In wounds that have been bitten by 1-2.5% by dogs, washing the wound can destroy rabies a lot.
- - Phenal can kill some viruses When mixed with soap, it works better. Used in many forms such as Lysol as a disinfectant, Dettol and Phisohex can be used for living organisms.
- - Potassium permanganate can kill the virus with a concentration of 1: 10,000, will kill the bacteria in half an hour at room temperature But if there are contaminated organic substances, will weaken the effect
- - Glycols, including triethylene and propylene glycol, often used as spray or vapor Used to kill aerosols in the air such as influenza virus. Use less than 1 ppm in the air, but the limitation is that humidity must be between 45-65% because glycol is absorbed by moist surfaces such as skin. In the reduced air
How to treat an infected wound
In general, the treatment of an infected wound is to do the wound correctly with the antibiotics of that type, usually antibiotics. Because wound infections are most often caused by bacteria
- To wash the wound with saline rinse (0.9% Normal saline solution) or brine mixed by yourself (use 1 tablespoon of salt mixed in 1 liter of water and boil to boil to kill germs. Allow to cool first and then use to wash the wound. Should be used up within 7 days and labeled with the date we prepared as well) if it is Nong Fae Should wash with Hydrogen peroxide and then wash with saline Use honey or concentrated syrup (1 kg of sugar mixed in 1 liter of water, simmer on the stove). Put the wound and cover with a clean gauze. The wound should be made at least 1-2 times a day. Once the wound is red, no pus, then the wound should be washed with saline only. Do not use antiseptics, including hydrogen peroxide, leaching directly on the wound.
- If having fever, enlarged lymph nodes Or very inflamed wound The doctor will give you pain relievers such as aspirin and antibiotics to kill bacteria such as Penicillin V, Dicloxacillin. (Dicloxacillin), erythrocyte (Erythromycin) or Koam Oxclav (Co-amoxiclav) for approximately 5-7 days or as recommended by a doctor.
- If the fever does not subside within 3 days, there is a pale yellow feeling. Or suspected blood poisoning Or wounds with severe inflammation in people with diabetes before Should see a doctor at the hospital In which doctors tend to accept patients for hospitalization
- If the wound and medication are prescribed by the doctor, the symptoms must improve. But if the medication has been completely expired or the wound hasn't healed Shows that taking medication alone is not enough Should go back to the hospital to increase the level of medication to be sterilized injection Or may require surgery to drain the pus out Especially the wound that had been bent until it remained inside Or people with sores on the feet are very dangerous Because this area the blood will not circulate as well as the hand area Depending on the wound condition of each patient.
Advice and care for an infected wound
- Should not apply sulfa with ointments or powders Or penicillin, both types of ointments or injections called "Pokémon" because although in the initial stages, these drugs may cause the wound to dry But when applied, it can cause allergies, itching and sores. But if using a topical medication, should choose tetracycline ointments (Tetracycline ointment) or Gentamicin cream or honey or syrup instead.
- Should rest the area that is very wounded, such as resting the injured limb by not walking or using a lot. And raise that part to high (If there is a wound on the hand, use the armband to the neck so that the wound is above the level of the heart. Or if there are wounds on the feet Should rest and use pillows and shoes higher than the chest level)
- Do not expose the wound to water. And do not use saliva, saliva or other impurities on the wound
- There is no food that is slang to the wound, as the villagers tend to misunderstand, whether it is meat, eggs, oranges, etc. or whatever. But on the contrary, people with wounds should nourish with a lot of protein foods such as meat, milk, eggs, various beans, etc. because it will help the wound heal faster. In addition, it should be nourished with foods that are high in vitamin C, such as guava, papaya, oranges, broccoli, red bell peppers, etc. Because vitamin C is responsible for building cell walls. Makes the capillaries strong and does not cause inflammation It also helps to improve blood circulation. Therefore causing the wound to heal faster Including foods rich in zinc, such as meat, milk, eggs, liver, cheese, soy, etc. Because zinc helps cells to bind with more vitamins. Therefore encouraging the wound to heal faster
- People with chronic wounds do not heal. May be due to diabetes Should check blood sugar or urine If you suspect that you have diabetes, you should see a doctor. In addition, may be caused by pale or malnutrition. Therefore should be nourished with a lot of protein foods
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